Introduction to Radiators (Basic Knowledge) 
When the air is heated, it rises. Cold air descends. Therefore, if the heating equipment is not installed properly, the room will be very warm, while the areas nearby will be quite cool. The head and body will be warm, but the feet will be cold. 
To solve the problem of the heating head and the feet, it is necessary to ensure a uniform distribution of the indoor temperature. In this way, the radiator can be installed in areas where cold air enters in large quantities, and the cold air can be heated after entering. For example, the radiator is usually installed under the exterior window sill. However, due to the natural circulation of the heating system in daily life, it is required to install the radiator at a certain height. Since the window sill is not very high, this configuration method is mostly difficult to achieve. 
When determining the layout of the radiators, considering the convection of hot and cold air in the room, the radiators should be placed as close as possible to the cold air inlet to improve the uniformity of the room temperature distribution. 
If many radiators need to be installed in a room, it is recommended to install them in groups. If too many cylindrical radiators are combined, the heat dissipation effect will be affected. Compare the assembled chip count with the standard group. When the number of chips in each group is less than 6, the heat dissipation capacity of each group increases by 5%. When the number of chips in each group reaches 11-20, the heat dissipation capacity of each group decreases by 5%. 
The series-connected radiator is easy to install separately and generates less heat when overlapped. 
The inlet pipe and the outlet pipe must not be located on the same side of the radiator. During installation, position the suction pipe side slightly upward to facilitate the exhaust. 
The rational selection of radiator form 
The profile radiator is composed of trapezoidal fins, which are densely arranged, significantly increasing the heat dissipation area. However, due to the heat shielding effect between the fins, the radiative heat dissipation capacity decreases. The profile radiator is suitable for the heat dissipation of medium-power electronic components. 
The fork-shaped emitter is composed of rectangular ribs of uniform cross-section. The fins are arranged alternately in a finger-like curvature, which enhances the effect of natural convection, reduces the shielding effect of heat radiation, and is conducive to heat transfer by radiation. The finger-shaped radiator is suitable for the heat dissipation of small-power electronic devices. 
The fan radiator is a lightweight radiator, made of highly sensitive copper alloy. Its elastic function is to provide a certain bonding force for the cooperation between the radiator and the component housing. This structure is simple in manufacturing and use, but has poor heat dissipation efficiency. The upper radiator of the fan is suitable for milliwatt transistors. 
As mentioned above, the heat sink radiators have various structural forms such as rectangular straight ribs, triangular cross-section straight ribs, trapezoidal cross-section straight ribs, and concave parabolic cross-section straight ribs. The rectangular straight ribs have a simple structure and are easy to manufacture, but they are heavy in weight. When the heat dissipation is equal to the flow rate, the material quality of the triangular straight ribs is only 69% of that of the rectangular straight ribs, indicating a decrease in quality. Compared with the triangular ribs, the quality of the concave parabolic ribs decreases by 4%, but the process is complex and the cost is high. Under the same volume conditions, the rectangular straight ribs have a larger heat resistance, followed by the triangular ones, and the concave parabolic shape has the smallest heat resistance. In engineering design, based on the power consumption of the equipment or component and the environmental conditions, the thermal resistance provided in the relevant standards can be referred to for selection. Considering all factors comprehensively, in aerospace shuttle electronic equipment with strict quality requirements, it is recommended to use rectangular cross-section straight ribs.